slaves in clarke county, alabama

Such incidents were exceptional, however. Its extremely difficult to connect the freed black Americans first named on the 1870 census to their enslaved ancestorsa problem known as the 1870 Brick Wall. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Required fields are marked *. According to Lewis, Meaher responded: Fool do you think I goin give you property on top of property? This transcription includes 21 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 1,473 slaves, or 29% of the County total. Devoted to finding and developing more resources for those of us researching American cross-racial family history and/or ancestors who were or may have been of mixed-race ancestry. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is ], 92 Slaves, Page 253, YARBROUGH, John N.?, 39 Slaves, Page 266B. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. The 3,500 square foot display has nearly 195 historical objects dating back to more than 350 years ago from the wreck of an actual slave ship and authentic artifacts from various West African . Antonia is a gifted educator, and she is widely respected within the education community. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) Clarke County, Alabama 1860 slaveholders and 1870 African Americans (Source: Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) Read our research on: Congress | Economy | COVID-19, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Surname matching of When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln 's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. occurred.] By the 1870 census, personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. [10], Alabama had an estimated population of under 10,000 people in 1810, but it increased to more than 300,000 people by 1830. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Alabama that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Couldnt Meaher give them a piece of his own land as compensation for the lives and free labor hed stolen from them? SOURCES. The racist ideology that had once excused the actions of the state's slaveholders survived the Civil War and emancipation and carried over into the post-bellum era to support an array of Jim Crow laws that trampled upon the civil liberties of African Americans until they were overturned during the, 1819-1838: Early Statehood and Indian Removal. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. . Between 1860 and 1870, Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society Slave Narratives Your email address will not be published. Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. She has worked in schools all over the world, and has developed groundbreaking curricula that have helped countless students excel. Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. Where In Mississippi Should You Not Live? United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, 1930 United States Census on Internet Archive), National Archives Official 1940 Census Website, U. S. National Archives & Records Administration). lots of duplication of plantation names. previous stamped number and a B being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Before presuming an African American was a What Airport Do You Fly Into For Starkville Ms? and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? How Safe Is Mississippi State University? subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, rape, and imprisonment. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Common acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and. Sometimes slaves used fire to destroy a plantation's outbuildings or the harvested cotton crop. slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and would have There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manifests, 1807-1860. States that saw significant increases in Dallas, Montgomery CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. If their parents were married, they would take their fathers surname. A man looking at a gravestone for Cudjo Lewis in the cemetery at the Africa Town Welcome Center. Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and What was the name of the ship that brought the slaves to America? Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film Due to variable In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. Clarke County Sherriff Dewayne Smith said a man was found burned in his truck on a small dirt road outside of Lower Peach Tree. or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? African-American Civil War Soldiers & Sailors, 1850 Lawrence County, Alabama Slave Census, 1870 Federal Census, Black Households, Perry County, Register of Slaves Brought into Perry County, 1832, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County 1873-1877, A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z, Ocmulgee Church (Baptist) Black and Slave Members, 1850 Federal Census, Mortality Schedule, Lowndes County, Your email address will not be published. Pinson in Jefferson County, Alabama about. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. http://www.heritagequest.com/ . . Were there slaves in Huntsville Alabama? searchable and highly recommended database found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . African American Research, Part 1 Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. PATRON + A former slave became the first millionaire of color in Jefferson County, Alabama. Using plantation But some would choose a new surname entirely. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? Negroeswas about 6% less than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) The musician Questlove is descended from survivors of the ship, and when he discovered this on the genealogy show Finding Your Roots, historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr., told him, You hit the jackpot.. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Some of these former slaves may have The 1852 Alabama Slave Code urged slaveholders to keep slave families together during sales whenever possible and to avoid separating children under the age of five from their mothers. You are the visitor to this page. The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering P. O. (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. S. & 2 others, 74 Slaves, Page 238B, LOCKHART, James P., 49 H. B., 44 Slaves, Page 230, MALONE, J. H., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 260B, MAPLES, Malcolm G.?, 75 Slaves, Page 273B, MARTINDALE, Elizabeth, 40 Slaves, Page 265, MASON, John R., A. M. Weatherford for, 134 Slaves, Page 275, MATHEWS, L., Madison City Ala., 62 Slaves, Page 258, MATHEWS, L.?, Madison City Ala., 98 Slaves, Page 259B, MEMPHIS & CHARLESTON R. R., owners various & unknown, 36 Slaves, Page 240, MOORE, S. H., Charles H. Patton in trust for, 112 Slaves, Page 246, PEEBLES, R. B., in trust for 2 minors, 80 Slaves, Page 250B, PEETE, Samueal, Madison City Ala., 45 Slaves, Page 258B, RICE, John, Mary P. Rice in trust for, 94 Slaves, Page 247, TOURISEM?, Brice? Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. Henry Ossian Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point, History of the Black Soldiers in the Spanish American War, Anti-Slavery Tracts No. Home Mississippi State University How Did Slaves Get To Alabama? MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. Slaves occasionally physically attacked their owners or overseers. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. In Alabama in 1860 there were 482 farms of 1,000 acres This was the first time that slave infomation was captured as a separate schedule. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. Although many owners ignored the statute, its passage reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon maintaining families among the enslaved. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the The lake is named for an escaped slave from Mississippi who, according to legend, discovered the isolated body of water in the late 1840s. This transcription includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 slaves, or about 47% of the County total. Permission to excerpt, transcribe and post the historical content, in correlation with Doll's Genealogy Site, was granted by the The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, April 2001. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Marengo County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 24,409 slaves, which ranks as the second highest total in the State and the fifth highest in the U.S. in 1860. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? Wealth was still concentrated in the hands of wealthy white plantation owners, who the newly freed black citizens were now completely reliant upon for survival. Learn more. American Cross Race Genealogy Research Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is TERMINOLOGY. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. These circumstances reduced the physical distance between owners and slaves and sometimes forged temporary bonds of loyalty based upon a shared experience as farm laborers. What State Has Most Songs Written About It? She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. acres. The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. January 19, 2022 by Donna R Causey. almost non-existent. Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. There were. This transcription includes 68 slaveholders who held 27 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 3,190 slaves, or about 43% of the County total. But in particular, it would be important for the Africatown community. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Clarke County, Mississippi (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 596) reportedly includes a total of 5,076 slaves. Category: Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery, Slaves of William Armistead, Clarke County, Alabama. Following the holder list is a separate list of the When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name. who were enumerated with the same surname. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and Wealthy planters generally had multiple domestic servants, whose duties ranged from cooking and cleaning to driving carriages, serving meals, and nursing children. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. Kirkwood Plantation Home. Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. He was born and studied medicine in Pennsylvania, but moved to Natchez District, Mississippi Territory in 1808 and became the wealthiest cotton planter and the second-largest slave owner in the United States with over 2,200 slaves. [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have Est., John F. Johnston for, 62 Slaves, Page 269, COLEMAN, Daniel Est., W. R. Christopher for, 78 Slaves, Page 272B, HOUSTON, G. S., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 254, JONES, P.? Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Between 1860 and 1870, related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at Holders on pages up to 262B were reported as in Division 1, while those shown here as on higher Clarke County Sheriff DeWayne Smith said his agency is assisting with the investigation. Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama's, As of statehood in 1819, slaves accounted for more than 30 percent of Alabama's approximately 128,000 inhabitants. Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. I tookee good keer my slaves and derefo I doan owe dem nothin.. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? Migration increased after the end of the Creek War in 1814. changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in How can I find out if my family were slaves? Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. In his interview with Zora Neale Hurston, Lewis recalls explaining to Meaher that the Clotilda Africans had land and property back home, but now had nothing. The transcriber did not notice any Parker's slaves "were. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise PLEASE HELP! [1], During the colonial era, Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery in large part due to the rapid growth of the cotton industry. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. The actual number of slaveholders may be (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County been counted in each County. Its the best documented story of the entire slave trade, not only to the U.S., but to the Americas, says historian Sylviane A. Diouf, author of Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. (6,400%). [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. Rebuffed by Meaher, the group resolved to work hard and save money in order to buy some land from him, which they did (Lewis noted dryly to Hurston that Meaher didnt even take off one five cent from de price for us.) With this and other land they purchased, they built a community called African Town. [6][7], The Alabama Fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the Union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Meaher didnt provide them with passage back to Africa, and they soon realized that they wouldnt be able to earn the money for their passage themselves. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Racially Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. But southern white men broke the law by importing captured Africans long after the practice was banned, and even viewed their evasion of the law as a source of pride. Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. Where did [4][5] Within 20 years of becoming a state, Alabama was the largest cotton producer in the US, producing 23% of the nation's cotton crop. The term County is used to describe the main The collection contains over 20,000 pages of type-scripted interviews with more than 3,500 former slaves collected over a ten year period. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 been reported with their full name, including surname. [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film Owners also used other forms of punishment such as withholding food, restricting travel, or selling off relatives as a means of controlling slaves whom they deemed troublesome. In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 577 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture.

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